Rylstone, New South Wales

Rylstone
New South Wales

St Malachy's Church Rylstone

Rylstone

Population:

615 (2006 Census)^[1]

Postcode:

2849

Elevation:

582 m (1,909 ft)

Location:

241 km (150 mi) NW of Sydney
99 km (62 mi) NE of Bathurst
97 km (60 mi) N of Lithgow
54 km (34 mi) SE of Mudgee
7 km (4 mi) N of Kandos

LGA:

Mid-Western Regional Council

State District:

Bathurst

Federal Division:

Hunter

Mean max temp	Mean min temp	Annual rainfall
?	?	675 mm ^{26.6 in}

Rylstone is a small town in New South Wales, Australia, in the Central Tablelands region within the Mid-Western Regional Council local government area. It is located on the Bylong Valley Way road route. At the 2006 census, Rylstone had a population of 615 people.^[1]

Etymology

The name 'Rylstone' has no clear origin however several possible origins are promoted.^[2]

Michael Hayes who built the Shamrock Hotel and other buildings at The Junction (where the Cudgegong River and Tong Bong Creek meet) claims responsibility. On travelling through the area he mentioned sleeping on 'that Ryle Stone' his Irish accent converting what was actually said 'Royal Stone'
A small village also known as Rylstone in Yorkshire England is near to where wool was sent from properties in the Rylstone area.
Another tale suggests the Scots had a weapon called a Ryle Stone. This weapon being used when the Scots were at war with the Picts (England) and Scottish shepherds built their huts at the location of the current village of Rylstone.^[2]

A petition was sent to Governor Gipps asking for a village to be called Tong Bong to be established at the present site of Rylstone. Governor Gipps granted permission for the village to be surveyed but he insisted that the village be called Rylstone and not Tong Bong. There is no evidence of any connection between Governor Gipps and the English village of Rylstone.^[2]

Early maps spell Rylstone as Rylestone.

Exploration

Several early explorers and settler explorers travelled this area in the early 1800s; they include Samuel Marsden, Macquarie, Edward Cox, James Blackman Jr.,^[3] Jamison, FitzGerald, John Nevell and James Vincent.^[2] Several mountains in the area commemorate their journeys through the Glen Alice Valley and up the Turon River.^[2] James Blackman jnr. explored a route from Bathurst to the Cudgegong River and present site of Rylstone in 1820.^[4]

from Mount Coombermellon (locally known as Baldy) looking over Kandos and Rylstone

History

The district was originally known as Dabee (under various spellings). There are many contemporary newspaper references to the town being referred to as Ryalston in the period 1846 to mid 1850's^[5] then referred to as Ryalstone during the late 1850's^[6]. Rylstone town was laid out in 1846 by surveyor Davidson. By the 1850s Rylstone was becoming a well established town with post office, hotels, school, mills, and police lock-up. The Rylstone district was declared as a police district in 1854.^[7] Rylstone was formally proclaimed a town on 20 March 1885.^[2]

Railway

On 9 June 1884 the railway was opened to Rylstone,^[8] this changed the status of Rylstone village to that of a town. The railway yard included a goods shed, trucking yards, and turntable.^[2] Henry Lawsons father helped build the timber railway station. The line was extended from Rylstone to Mudgee and this section was opened on 10 September 1884. Rylstone is located on the Wallerawang to Gwabegar branch line. The railway line through Rylstone was closed on 2 March 1992 and remain closed for 8 years, the NSW Government spent $11 million to resleeper the track, repair bridges, and level crossings reopening the line on 2 September 2000, the line was again closed 7 years later on 30 June 2007, the line remains closed however there are plans to reopen the line for Coal trains to operate between Cobbora Mine (near Dunedoo) and the Mount Piper Power Station and Wallerawang Power Station.^[9]^[10]

Bridges

Four road bridges have spanned the Cudgegong River which flows through the town. The first bridge was a suspension bridge that was washed away by floods around 1867. This was followed by a second bridge of two spans built by a Mr Hayden soon after the flood. This second bridge was alongside the first bridge at the end of Hall Street. A third bridge built by Mr Eddy Fitzgerald replaced the second in 1890 and was a little further up the River. The fourth bridge, and the only one remaining, which is still used today was built in 1948 to line up with the Bylong Road. A railway bridge also spans the Cudgegong River approximately 100 metres upriver of the present road bridge. This apart from upgrading works, to add additional centre pillars, is the original structure built during the construction of the line.^[2]

Hotels

By 1868 there were four Hotels, the Rylstone Hotel, Bridge View, Shamrock and the Globe.^[2] The Rylstone and Globe Hotels remain in business. The Shamrock Hotel was located on the southern side of the railway bridge and was built by Michael Hayes in 1885 closing in 1890.^[2]

Aboriginal history

The local indigenous Aboriginals were the Dabee tribe and they in turn were part of the broader Wiradjuri group of people. Some of the localities in the area are derivations of Aboriginal words.^[2]

Lue (chain of waterholes) believed to be pronounced in the Aboriginal language like Loowee
Mudgee believed to derive from Moothi meaning nest in the hills
Dabee - name of the local Aboriginal Tribe and the Fitzgerald's property was named after
Wollemi - is derived from an aboriginal word meaning “watch out” or “look around you”^[11]
Cudgegong - meaning red hill, noted for the red clay used by the Aborigines in body decoration
Tong Bong, pronounced "Tung Bung"

One of the last full blooded Aborigines of the Rylstone area was Peggy Lambert wife of Jimmy Lambert, she was buried in the Aboriginal section of the Rylstone Cemetery in June 1884.^[12] Another local Aboriginal was Jimmy McDonald who was attached to the Rylstone Police station as a tracker.^[2]

Early settlers and properties

^[2]

Richard Fitzgerald 1771-1840 (of Dabee Station) - an Irish political prisoner who became an emancipist
Robert Fitzgerald 1807-1865
Edward Cox (of Rawdon Station)
Daniel Cox (of Balmoral, Nullo Mountain) - Daniel Cox sailed from England as a convict on 16/8/1830
John Nevell (of the property Carwell)
John Thompson 1796-1873 and son William Barber Thompson 1821-1889 (Davis Swamp Holding, later named Olinda)
Harry Thompson (of Warleigh to become Woodlands, near Nullo Mountain) no relation to the above Thompsons
Thomas Harris (of Loowee, property that later became Lue and Monivae)

Buildings and businesses

Early buildings were constructed of timber slabs and stringy bark, later wattle and daub became common. Plentiful sandstone in the area led to significant buildings being constructed of that material.^[2]

The Butter Factory - when closed it became the Freezing Works
The Rabbit Factory - building demolished
Cordial Factory - built in 1880 and owned by Mr JN Collins of Mudgee
Court House and Goal - built in 1870

The main commercial street, Louee Street, was originally an upper level and lower level street. In the 1930s the street was levelled and this created the high steps to the buildings on the high side of the road.^[2]

Other events in Rylstone history

1849 - Post Office opened on 1 January 1849.^[13]
1853 - Wesleyan Chapel opened on Sunday 15/5/1853^[14]
1857 - laying of foundation stone for new church, St James Rylstone on 19/5/1857^[15]
1857 - The School opened in July 1857.^[13]
1875 - Rylstone and district population was approximately 300 persons^[16]
1880 - Telegraph Office was built and the Post Office relocated to this building^[2]
1894 - Gold discovered in Rylstone area, gold showing freely through reef, a gold rush results, 21 August 1894^[17]
1897 - A 70 oz gold nugget was found between Stony Pinch and Appletree Flat^[18]
1899 - Rylstone and other nearby towns promote themselves as a suitable site for the new Federal Capital^[19]^[20]^[21]
1903 - Coal was discovered for the first time by New Zealand mining company at Coomber (5 miles south of Rylstone)^[22]
1907 - Iron and Steel manufacturing works proposed for Rylstone^[23]
1915 - Tenders accepted for construction of a new hospital at Rylstone, ₤1723, 27/4/1915^[24]
1925 - The Rylstone school is destroyed by fire during school hours, no one is hurt, 6 August 1925^[25]
1925 - The Standard Portland Cement Company's Kandos Cement Works are under construction^[26]
1926 - An electrification scheme commenced for the towns of Rylstone and Kandos, power being supplied by the Kandos Cement Works, connection switched on November 1926.^[27]^[28]
1926 - record rainfall of 1250 points (317mm) falling in a week (rain commencing 25/3/1926), washing out the Tong Bong crossing^[29]
1931 - Rich Shale Oil discovery at Rylstone^[30]
1935 - Hospital additions, new wing and nurses quarters were opened by Minister for Health on 3/8/1935, costing £1700^[31]
1938 - Discussions with NSW Government commenced on provided a water supply scheme for Rylstone.^[32]
1954 - A water supply dam was completed and pipes were installed to connect the town to running water^[2]
1960's - A sewage system was built and connected to houses and businesses in Rylstone^[2]
1981 - Saturday 30 May, the last Mudgee Mail train service ran through Rylstone around 4am, heading north to Gwabegar^[33]
1983 - The manual telephone switchboard closed in June, it was located in the Post and Telegraph Office^[2]
1992 - 2 March, the railway line from Kandos through Rylstone to Gulgong closed to rail traffic
2000 - 2 September, The railway line from Kandos through Rylstone to Mudgee and Gulgong was reopened to train traffic
2007 - 30 June, The railway line from Kandos to Gulgong was classified as 'service suspended' effectively closing the line to trains

Recent events

The Rylstone District was governed by a separate local government area known as the Rylstone Shire Council which was formed on 5 December 1906.^[2] Prior to that the area was administered by the Department of Public Works.^[2] In 2004 the New South Wales Government appointed an Administrator to manage Councils affairs after concerns were raised over the efficiency and effectiveness of the management of the relatively small Council area. The Council was ultimately amalgamated with the Mudgee Shire Council in March 2006 to become the Mid Western Regional Council.^[34]

Services

Government

Rylstone's newly renovated and extended small rural hospital known as a Multipurpose Service provides emergency services, acute and subacute medical inpatient services and low and high care residential aged care services. HealthOne Rylstone is collocated with the Multipurpose Service providing General Practitioner services.^[35]

The town also has a police station where two officers are based, this station is under the control of the Mudgee Local Area Command, within the Western Region.

Rylstone Court House operates a Government Access Service (GAS) providing a range of transactions on behalf of various state government agencies^[36]

Energy supply to Rylstone is provided by Integral Energy,^[37] prior to this Turon County Council, and earlier Rylstone Shire Council provided the electricity infrastructure.^[27]

Radio and television

A not for profit community radio station serves the Rylstone and Kandos area, KRR-FM broadcasts from Mount Coombermellon on frequency 98.7 MHz.^[38] Real-FM/2MG from Mudgee is the licensed commercial area broadcaster, Real-FM rebroadcasts its signal into Rylstone and Kandos on 97.9 MHz.^[39]

Television services are provided by the ABC, SBS, and commercial television broadcasting in the Central Tablelands and Central Western Slopes license area. The broadcasters in this license area are CBN10 (Prime Television), CTC63 (Southern Cross Television), WIN66 (WIN Television).^[40] The transmitters are located on Mount Coombermellon. Due to the hilly terrain there are many terrestrial television reception black spots particularly to the north and east of Rylstone, these areas are within the Remote Central & Eastern Australia Broadcast Licence Area and the signal is received by satellite.^[41]

Industry and agriculture

Rylstone is predominantly an agricultural community with wool, sheep, cattle, wine grapes, and olives, being among the main pursuits. Coal mining and cement production are also significant employers in the community with these works being located in the nearby town of Kandos.

Area attractions and recreation

Dunns Swamp - is a camping and picnic area on the banks of the Cudgegong River on the western edge of Wollemi National Park. Dunns Swamp is 20 kilometres from Rylstone. The area has bushwalking, fishing, swimming and canoeing which can all be done from the camping area.^[42] In 1929 the Kandos Cement Works replaced a smaller weir built lower on the River with a second wall to store water for piping to the Cement works, this wall created the water storage area known as Dunns Swamp.^[2]
Ferntree Gully - is a scenic rainforest area 17 kilometres north of Rylstone. Well formed walking tracks take you down into cool narrow fern tree-studded valley floor and unusual rock formations
Wollemi National Park - is the second largest national park in New South Wales, and contains a large part of the Wollemi Wilderness area.
Nullo Mountain - is a high mountain plateau to the north of Dunns Swamp with spectacular views over the Wollemi Wilderness and the Widden Valley.
Lake Windemere - a large water supply dam with camping facilities, popular for water sports and fishing
Historic streetscape - The town has many fine old stone buildings, especially in Louee Street

Rylstone has retained its original character buildings from its beginnings, a few buildings of note are the Bridge View Inn, the Globe Hotel, the post office, the police station, the courthouse and the shire hall. The old town granary was built in the early 1840s.

Rylstone is a popular venue for ultralight aviation, gyrocopters, and paragliding enthusiasts. The Rylstone Airstrip is used for this activity.^[43] The Airstrip was sold by the Mid Western Regional Council to a private individual who intends to keep the strip for aviation purposes.^[44]

Tourism

Rylstone is becoming a popular destination for travellers on a new tourist route that has developed following the final sealing of the Bylong Valley Way. The sealing of the route was commenced in 1950 and only completed in April 2009. A large part of the Bylong Valley Way route lies between the Wollemi and Goulburn River National Parks, with majestic scenery and rich animal and bird life the route is becoming popular with weekend travellers. Business associations and local governments in the area are promoting the journey to develop the tourist potential.^[45] With the completion of the work Rylstone has seen a steady increase in tourists visiting its cafes, pubs, and bed and breakfast establishments. A route is now available from Sydney through the Hunter Valley and return to Sydney via Rylstone providing a tourist loop.^[46]^[47]

Mining and exploration

The Rylstone area is rich in natural mineral resources including coal, it is located on the western coalfield which extends from near Lithgow to Rylstone. Rylstone is an undeveloped coal resource and one of the last to be exploited.^[48] Charbon Coal Mine is a working mine approximately 10 km to the south of Rylstone. Large reserves of coal are known to exist, which is mostly thermal coal suitable for local coal-fired power stations. The NSW Minerals Department states that this resource will be allocated for developed in the short term future.^[49] Cement is produced at the nearby Kandos Cement Works using limestone and clay raw materials from a mine situated 5 km to the east of Kandos.^[50] Recent explorations have revealed prospective deposits of rare earth elements, a company is proposing further analysis of these mineral deposits.^[51]

District events

The Rylstone and District Agricultural Show happens late February each year. The RDAS was formed and the first show was held in 17 April 1937.^[52] Prior to this the Rylstone Horticultural Society formed 1 August 1892 ran shows with the first show occurring 9 November 1892.^[2]

The Rylstone Street Feast is a food and wine event that occurs each November. Rylstone main street is closed and tables and stalls are setup along the street. The event showcases the regions produce.^[53]

Climate

Rylstone does not have a local weather station so the statistics are taken from the Mudgee weather station (approximately 42 km north west). Average temperatures range between 15 and 40 degrees Celsius in the summer (December - February) and -3 and 15 degrees Celsius in the winter (June–August). The average annual rainfall is 674.4 millimetres (26.55 in).^[54]

Climate data for Rylstone (Mudgee)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	31.0 (87.8)	30.2 (86.4)	27.8 (82.0)	23.3 (73.9)	18.8 (65.8)	15.2 (59.4)	14.4 (57.9)	16.0 (60.8)	19.6 (67.3)	23.4 (74.1)	26.9 (80.4)	29.8 (85.6)	23.0 (73.4)
Average low °C (°F)	15.5 (59.9)	15.4 (59.7)	13.0 (55.4)	8.5 (47.3)	5.0 (41.0)	2.6 (36.7)	1.3 (34.3)	2.3 (36.1)	4.4 (39.9)	7.6 (45.7)	10.8 (51.4)	13.7 (56.7)	8.3 (46.9)
Precipitation mm (inches)	68.0 (2.677)	64.2 (2.528)	50.3 (1.98)	44.2 (1.74)	49.3 (1.941)	55.0 (2.165)	53.2 (2.094)	53.0 (2.087)	51.5 (2.028)	60.3 (2.374)	61.0 (2.402)	64.2 (2.528)	674.4 (26.551)
Source: ^[54]

Access

Vehicle

From the Hunter Valley travel west along the Golden Highway and turn onto the Bylong Valley Way 1 km before Sandy Hollow.
From Ilford travel 2 km north along the Castlereagh Highway and turn onto the Bylong Valley Way.

Road/Rail

A CountryLink coach service operates each way daily connecting with a Cityrail Interurban train service at Lithgow to Sydney^[55]

Air

The nearest commercial air services are operated from Mudgee Airport (56 km by road) and are provided by Aeropelican^[56]

Gallery

References

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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w William Staff (1999). A History of Rylstone. pp. 260. ISBN 0 9588597 7 9.
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^ Jack Pennell and Lola Phillips (2000). "Kandos Rylstone History WW1". Mudgee Local History Group. http://www.mudgeehistory.com.au/rylstone_kandos/rylstone_kandos7.html. Retrieved 19 March 2011.